解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Macroautophagy (referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved, bulk-destruction process in eukaryotes. During this process, the cytoplasm containing long-lived proteins and organelles is engulfed into double-membrane autophagosomes, and ultimately undergoes enzymatic degradation within lysosomes. Autophagy ...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.8.13508
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent study, we reported in vivo evidence of early and sustained alterations of autophagy markers in a novel knock-in mouse model of Huntington disease (HD). The novel model is derived from selective breeding of HdhQ150 knock-in mice to generate mice with ~200 CAG/polyglutamine repeats (HdhQ200). HdhQ200 knockin...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.8.13617
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::FTY720, a sphingosine analog, is a novel immunosuppressant currently undergoing multiple clinical trials for the prevention of organ transplant rejection and treatment of various autoimmune diseases. Recent studies indicate an additional cytotoxic effect of FTY720 and its preclinical efficacy in a variety of cancer mo...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.8.13614
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a chromosomal t(15;17) translocation that fuses the gene encoding the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) to that encoding retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA). The product of this genetic aberration, the PML/RARA fusion protein, is highly oncogenic and supports m...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.7.13066
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy), a morphological hallmark is the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes that sequester and deliver cytoplasmic components to the lysosome/vacuole for degradation. This process begins with an initial sequestering compartment, the phagophore, which expands int...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.7.13009
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed the cellular and molecular effects of two different histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), MGCD0103 and vorinostat, in combination with GX15-070, a BH3-mimetic, in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary AML cells, and demonstrated that the combination has a synergistic antileukemia effect. We...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.7.13117
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early sign of many neurodegenerative diseases. Very recently, two Parkinson disease (PD) associated genes, PINK1 and Parkin, were shown to mediate the degradation of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy). PINK1 kinase activity is needed for prompt and efficient Parkin...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.7.13286
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Beclin 1 and mTOR are considered to be the main molecules to modulate the autophagic process, searching for other autophagy-regulating molecules is still an ongoing challenge to scientists. Here we demonstrated that FoxO1, a forkhead O family protein, is a mediator of autophagy. Upon oxidative stress or serum...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.7.13289
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. As with other age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders, ALS is linked to the presence of misfolded proteins that may perturb several intracellular mechanisms and trigger neu...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.7.13042
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bulk degradation and nutrient recycling are events associated with autophagy. The core components of the autophagy machinery have been elucidated recently using molecular and genetic approaches. In particular, two ubiquitin-like proteins, ATG8 and ATG12, which conjugate with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and ATG5, res...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1105/tpc.110.075333
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphoinositides (PIs) are a group of low-abundance phospholipids that play a critical role in the control of organelle and membrane traffic. There is strong evidence that specific PIs are also important for the regulation of autophagy. PIs are modified by a complex network of lipid kinases and phosphatases. A recent...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.6.12624
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Degradation of intracellular components via macroautophagy is a complex multistep process that starts with the sequestration of cytosolic cargo in a de novo formed double-membrane vesicle or autophagosome. This compartment acquires the hydrolases required for cargo digestion by fusion with lysosomes. In contrast to th...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1096/fj.09-144519
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a cellular degradation process with an increasingly recognised importance in many biological pathways such as nutrient sensing, stress responses and development. We present a straightforward assay for autophagy which combines the sensitivity of the EGFP-LC3 reporter protein with the throughput capacity an...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.5.12112
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accumulation of ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease and diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that the autophagy lysosomal pathway plays a critical role in the clearance of ubiquitin aggregates, a process that is mediated by the...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.5.12189
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a catabolic process by which cells remove unwanted proteins and damaged organelles. It is important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and can also be used by cells to remove intracellular microbial pathogens. As such, some viruses such as herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) have evolved mechanisms to suppre...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.4.11669
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ticks are long-lived hematophagous arthropods and have tolerance to starvation. They can survive without food during the host-seeking period for several months to years. To understand how ticks obtain energy over a long period of non-feeding (starvation), we focused on autophagy, a crucial proteolysis system via the l...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.4.11668
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To facilitate the purification of rat liver autophagosomes, isolated rat hepatocytes are first incubated for 2 h at 37°C with vinblastine, which induces autophagosome accumulation by blocking the fusion of these organelles with endosomes and lysosomes. The hepatocytes are then electrodisrupted and homogenized, and the...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.4.11272
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria are the primary site of energy production in animal cells. In mitochondria, the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain creates a potential difference across the inner membrane, which is utilized for ATP production. However, due to inherent inefficiencies in electron transport, reactive oxy...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.3.11245
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of autophagy in the degradation of aggregate-prone proteins has been well established. As a result, autophagy upregulation has become an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of proteinopathies, a group of diseases caused by the accumulation of mutant misfolded proteins. We have previously shown t...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.2.11078
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Loss of the lysosomal chloride transport protein ClC-7 leads to complex phenotypes in mice and man, including osteopetrosis, accumulation of lysosomal storage material, and neurodegeneration. Using novel tissue-specific ClC-7 knockout mice, we have shown that upon loss of ClC-7, lysosomal degradation of endocytosed pr...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10590
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative pathogen that infects at least half of the world's population and is associated not only with gastric cancer but also with other diseases such as gastritis and peptic ulcers. Indeed, H. pylori is considered the single most important risk factor for the development of gastric canc...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10222
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a procedure that has applications in the selective eradication of neoplasia where sites of malignant lesions are clearly delineated. It is a two-step process whereby cells are first sensitized to light and then photoirradiated. This results in the formation of singlet molecular oxygen and...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10220
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Science informs art, and art informs science. Both processes involve creativity and imagination, and collaboration between scientists and artists often leads to new insights in both fields. We took advantage of the power of artistic imagery to demonstrate a dynamic cellular process, autophagy. In particular, we depict...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10812
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The life span of various model organisms can be extended by caloric restriction as well as by autophagy-inducing pharmacological agents. Life span-prolonging effects have also been observed in yeast cells, nematodes and flies upon the overexpression of the deacetylase Sirtuin-1. Intrigued by these observations and by ...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10817
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a major modulator of cellular lipid metabolism and organelle differentiation. To understand whether autophagy is involved in the processes of dysregulated fatty acid oxidation and induced oxidative stress accompanying prostatic carcinogenesis, we characte...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10700
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG/CWS) is an effective antitumor immunotherapy agent. Here, we demonstrate that BCG/CWS has a radiosensitizing effect on colon cancer cells through the induction of autophagic cell death. Exposure of HCT116 colon cancer cells to BCG/CWS before i...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10325
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy are the two major mechanisms for protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. LC3, a ubiquitin-like protein, plays an essential role in autophagy through its ability to be conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine. In this study, we discovered a novel LC3-processing activity, and bio...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10928
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some key questions being examined in the field of autophagy concern the origin of the membrane that forms the sequestering vesicle, the function of the related machinery, including the identification of new components and binding partners of previously identified autophagy-related proteins and the mechanism of autopha...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type:
doi:10.4161/auto.6.1.10819
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ridding neurons of toxic misfolded proteins is a critical feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. We have recently reported that lack of access of nuclear polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor (AR) to the autophagic degradation pathway is a critical point in pathogenesis. When mutant AR is contained within the ...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.8.9726
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a fundamental process for anti-viral defense. Not surprisingly, viruses have developed strategies to subvert or use autophagy for their own benefit. In cell culture, autophagy proteins are proviral factors that favor initiation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Autophagy proteins are required for tran...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.8.10219
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The best-characterized process of autophagy is macroautophagy. Many an article or talk has started with the phrase "...macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy." This one will be different because we are going to learn more about the person most responsible for increasing our understanding of chaperone-media...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.8.9476
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shigella, the causative agent of human bacillary dysentery, invades the host cell, rapidly breaking the phagosome and multiplying in the cytosol. Here, we summarize our recent work showing the targeting of the leftover membrane remnants to autophagy together with trapped membrane-associated signaling molecules recruit...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.8.10218
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagic cell death has been observed in granulosa cell cultures via the oxLDL-dependent activation of lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1). This activation might differ for cytokeratin-positive (CK(+)) and CK(-) granulosa cells. In particular, LOX-1 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), one of...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.7.9507
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the functional significance and detailed morphological characteristics of starvation-induced autophagy in the adult heart, we starved green fluorescent protein (GFP)-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) transgenic mice for up to 3 days. Electron microscopy revealed that, after as little as 1...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.7.9297
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex membrane trafficking events are involved in the regulation of antigen processing and presentation of both endogenous and exogenous antigens. While these processes were believed to involve mainly organelles along the endo/phagocytic and the biosynthetic pathways, recent studies have shown that autophagy also pa...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.7.9163
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several recent reports have demonstrated that autophagy is induced in response to hypoxia in cultured cells. However, the mechanism and consequence of hypoxia-induced autophagy remains unclear as there is no consensus between these studies. In our recent report we show that, in human cancer cells, hypoxia cooperates w...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.7.9821
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elimination of tumor cells by apoptosis is the main mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic drugs used in current treatment protocols of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite the rapid cytoreduction achieved, serious acute and late complications are frequent, and resistance to chemotherapy develops. During t...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.5.8507
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The etiological agent for anthrax is Bacillus anthracis, which produces lethal toxin (LT) that exerts a myriad of effects on many immune cells. In our previous study, it was demonstrated that LT and protective antigen (PA) induce autophagy in mammalian cells. Preliminary results suggest that autophagy may function as ...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.5.8567
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) are the two most important components of cellular mechanisms for protein degradation. In the present study we investigated the functional relationship of the two systems and the interactional role of p53 in vitro. Our study showed that the...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4161/auto.5.5.8377
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy or Type II programmed cell death (PCD) is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of proteins, ribosomes and entire organelles. The role of this pathway in the antitumor effect of radiotherapy and in radiation toxicity is obscure. A complicated machinery of genes and proteins is invol...
journal_title:Autophagy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4161/auto.5.4.7667
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00